CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN part 2: CÁC CÁCH DIỄN ĐẠT KHÁC CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN part 2: CÁC CÁCH DIỄN ĐẠT KHÁC CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

3. Các cách diễn đạt khác của câu điều kiện
3.1. Loại 2

Ví dụ:
You help me everyday so I can finish my work.
→ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work.
She encouraged him and he succeeded.
→Without  her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
The teacher explained and we understood.
→ Were it not for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood.

Cấu trúc: But for/ without/ were it not for + noun, S would/ could/ should + V

3.2. Loại 3

Ví dụ:

If he had n’t got my book, he couldn’t have written well the thesis.

-> But for my book, he couldn’t have written well the thesis.

If they hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have finished that work.

-> Without their help, I wouldn’t have finished that work.

It rained and we had to cancel the match.

-> Had it not been for the rain, we wouldn’t have cancelled the match.

4. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện
   
   

3.1. Điều kiện loại I

• Nếu trong câu có “should” ở mệnh đề “if“, thì đảo “should” lên đầu câu.

Ví dụ:

If he should ring , I will tell him the news.
→ Should he ring, I will tell him the news.

• Nếu trong câu không có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should”

If he has free time, he’ll play tennis.
→ Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis.
If she comes early, we’ll start.
→ Should she come early, we’ll start.

3.2. Điệu kiện loại II

Ví dụ:

If I were a bird, I would fly.
→ Were I a bird, I would fly.
They would answer me if they were here.
→ Were they here, they would answer me.

• Cấu trúc: Nếu trong câu có wereở mệnh đề” if “ thì đảo were lên đầu câu và bỏ if đi.

Ví dụ:

If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
→ Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming.
→ Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming.

• Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were” và dùng “ to V”.

3.3. Điều kiện loại III
• Đảo trợ động từ của thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

Ví dụ:

If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
→ Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
If he had trained hard, he would have won the match.
→ Had he trained hard, he would have won the match.

Chú ý: Ở dạng phủ định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ:

Ví dụ: Had it not been so late, we would have called you.

4. Cách dùng với unless
   
   

Lưu ý rằng “Unless” cũng thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện, lúc đó “Unless = If ….. not”.

Ví dụ:

Unless we start at once, we will be late = If we don’t start at once we will be late.

Unless you study hard, you won’t pass the exams = If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exams.